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Vitamin A (beta carotene) |
- Supports vision health, skin health, immune health, and increases antioxidant support (182, 183).
- Supports antioxidant function via decreased inflammatory cytokines (inflammation), decreased reactive oxygen species, and increased l-glutathione production (master antioxidant) (182, 183).
- Supports visual health via increased amounts of plasma vitamin A in macular (eye) tissues (182, 183).
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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) |
- Supports aerobic energy metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation), cell growth, optimal neuronal conduction (nerve impulses), and cardiovascular health (94).
- Supports cardiovascular function and aids as a neuroprotective agent in individuals with vitamin B-1 deficiencies (94, 95).
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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) |
- Supports conversion and activation of other B vitamins, red blood cell production and serves as a cofactor for both glucose and fat metabolism (energy production) (92,93).
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Vitamin B3 (Niacin) |
- Major B vitamin that supports cardiovascular health by inhibiting hepatic(liver) triglyceride synthesis, reducing very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, and increasing HDL plasma concentrations (9).
- Reduces conversion of VLDL into LDL proteins and serum lipoprotein concentrations in plasma (blood) (9).
- Vital for regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, and DNA repair, and cell death (9).
- Supports healthy inflammatory response via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic (prevention of cell death) properties (9).
- Prevents pathologies(diseases) such as Pellagra and reduces prevalence of nervous anorexia, cancer, and crohn’s disease (10, 11).
- Supports sensitization of tumors to radiation via apoptosis (cell death) cascade of tumor mass and improves oxygen delivery to malignant tissues (cancer cells) (12).
- Supports cognitive health by reducing age-related decline of NAD+, increasing quinolinic acid and reducing neuroinflammation (9).
- Increased niacin associated NAD+ levels have been shown to increase neurotransmission, learning and memory (9).
- Niacin reduces the prevalence of neurodegenerative pathologies by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction (9).
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Vitamin B6 |
- Serves as a cofactor in more than 150 enzymatic reactions associated in blood sugar regulation, immunity, cardiovascular function, neuronal health, metabolic, and digestive health (38, 40).
- Reduces plasma glucose (blood sugar levels) via by inhibiting the activity of small-intestinal α-glucosidases (enzymes associated with glucose metabolism) (39).
- Functions as an antioxidant by counteracting the formation of reactive oxygen species (inflammatory markers) and advanced glycation end-products (38,40).
- May support blood sugar regulation in women with gestational diabetes (40).
- cofactor for enzymes involved in DNA metabolism (40).
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Vitamin B12 |
- Supports proper DNA synthesis, folate cycle function, energy production, cognitive function, and immune health (51,53).
- Aids as an antioxidant via direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (inflammation), preserving l-glutathione levels (master antioxidant), and reducing oxidative stress (51).
- May prevent vitamin b-12 deficiency diseases such as anemia, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis (53).
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Zinc |
- Supports immune function, skin health, cognitive function, and vision (172,173).
- Supports stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune system (172,173).
- Supports the activation of lymphocytes and activation of innate and T cell-mediated immunity (172,173).
- Supports cognitive function by modulation of neuronal signaling in areas of the brain associated with memory and learning (hippocampus) (172,173).
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L-Tyrosine |
- Supports memory, cognitive flexibility, the executive function of the brain, and convergent thinking (60).
- A precursor to dopamine and is vital for dopamine synthesis in the brain (60).
- Supports cognitive function in individuals with high amounts of stress and anxiety (60,61).
- Increases dopamine levels in highly stressed individuals (60).
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Maca Root Powder |
- Supports female hormonal health via increased sex drive, improved post-menopausal symptoms, and improved sexual desire (13).
- Increases luteinizing hormone (LH) production and reduced severity of menstruation (13).
- Increases sperm count in males via androgenic mechanisms associated with free testosterone increase (13).
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Munica Pruriens |
- Supports blood sugar regulation, sexual enhancement, aids an anti-inflammatory agent, combats neurodegenerative disease, and supports antimicrobial activity (128).
- Supports anti-aging, rheumatoid, arthritis, diabetes, male infertility, and nervous disorders (128).
- Supports male sexual health via increased sperm motility and increased free testosterone (128).
- Combats neurodegenerative disease via stimulation of dopaminergic neurons (129).
- Supports blood sugar health via reduced blood glucose levels, improved insulin transport, and lowered H1AC levels (130).
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Muira Puama Root Powder |
- Supports sexual vitality in males and females, reduces stress, and increases blood flow to sexual organs (135).
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L-Arginine |
- Natural vasodilator precursor to increased nitric oxide levels (1).
- Supports immune function by the maturation of the T cell (immune cell) receptor zeta (TCR) (2.)
- Improves exercise performance via increased stroke volume (blood flow) and increased nutrient delivery to exercising muscle. (3).
- Reduces arterial blood pressure, insulin resistance, and supports fat lipolysis (fat burning) (4).
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Panax Ginseng |
- An adaptogenic herb that supports antioxidant function, cognitive function, increased muscle mass, combats inflammation, stabilizes blood pressure, enhances sexual health, and enhances endurance performance (136).
- Combats inflammation via inhibition of hydroxyl radical(inflammation) and lipid peroxidation (136).
- Supports endurance performance by enhancing mitochondrial energy output during exercise (136).
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Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed |
- Supports increased sexual drive, increased testosterone, reduced progression of atherosclerosis, increased nitric oxide levels, and reduced arterial (blood vessel) inflammation levels (126,127).
- Reduces arterial inflammation via reduction of free-radical-induced peroxidation in erythrocytes, and increased nitric oxide levels (126,127).
- Supports arterial health (health of blood vessels) via attenuating DNA damage, correcting endothelial dysfunction (126,127).
- Represses macrophage-derived foam cell formation, inhibiting platelet activation, and reduces oxLDL-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (126,127).
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Dong Quai |
- Supports menstrual health in women.
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Tribulus Terrestris |
- Supports sexual function, increased testosterone, cardiovascular health, supports healthy urinary tract function, supports athletic performance, and aids as a neuroprotective agent (137,138).
- Supports sexual health, via activating aphrodisiacs, increased spermatogenesis, sperm motility, increased free testosterone, and increase of androgenic (hormone) action via the activation of endogenous testosterone production (137,138).
- Supports cardiovascular health via decreased arterial inflammation levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 (137,138).
- Supports neuroprotective properties via protection of neuron injury, and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by suppressing brain inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β) (137,138).
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Damiana |
- Supports enhanced sexual function, reduced menopausal symptoms, reduced stress, and improved mood (139).
- Supports sexual health via regulation of the natural balance between androgens and estrogens in both men and women (139).
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Ashwagandha |
- Supports cardiovascular, hormonal, immune, healthy weight loss, mood, and optimized sleep (82,83).
- Reduces stress hormone cortisol resulting in improved body composition, sex hormone profile, and mood (82,83).
- Improves exercise performance via increased V02 max, muscular endurance, muscle hypertrophy (muscle growth), and decreased muscular fatigue (83).
- Improves quality of sleep by enhancing sleep recovery, reducing plasma cortisol concentrations, and enhancing REM sleep cycles (83).
- Supports hormonal and immune health via reduced production of inflammatory molecules (reactive oxygen species) and simultaneous increases in sex hormones (84).
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Ginger |
- Supports immune health, reduced blood pressure, digestive health, blood sugar regulation, and sexual health in men (110).
- Supports immune health via enhanced antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties (110).
- Supports sex hormone health via decreased oxidative stress, increased luteinizing hormone (LH) production, reduced oxidative stress, reduced lipid peroxidation, enhanced activity antioxidant enzymes, increased blood flow, and recycling of testosterone receptors (110).
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Sarsaparilla root |
- Supports Antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, immune system activity, and skin health (140).
- Supports skin health by inhibiting oxidative damage and skin-aging factor via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways (141).
- Supports immune health and antioxidant activity by increasing l-glutathione levels (master antioxidant) and enhanced free radical scavenging capabilities (141).
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Asparagus |
- Supports immune health, enhances cognitive function, and combats neurodegenerative disease
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